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Stefan Janos (physicist)
Stefan Janos (Slovak Štefan Jánoš, born December 22, 1943, Kuchyňa, Slovakia) is a Slovak-Swiss university physicist and professor, founder of very low temperature physics in Slovakia.
== Life ==
Between 1950–1958 he attended the primary school in Suchohrad and Záhorská Ves and between 1958–1961 the high school in Malacky. Thereafter he studied at the Czech Technical University, Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics in Prague. In 1966 he graduated from university with diploma thesis “ Specific heat of Fe–Co alloys in the temperature range 1.4 to 4.2 K. He spent his one-year military service mainly at the Research and Test Centre of the Ministry of Defence in Brno. In August 1967 he joined the Faculty of Science at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. There he started to build a new laboratory for very low temperature physics. Three years later he spent a study visit in Prof. Boris. N. Eselson laboratory in B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Charkov . He participated in experiments on the influence of 3He atoms on the superfluid state of 4He at 0.5 K. In 1972 he worked at the Aalto University of Helsinki in Prof. Olli Lounasmaa Low Temperature Laboratory in Otaniemi, Finland. Together with Yuri D. Anufriev he participated in experiments on the search for superfluid state in 3He using Pomeranchuk cooling. He received his PhD in physics from P.J. Šafárik University, Kosice, in 1976 under the supervision of Prof. Vladimir Hajko. His dissertation dealt with the magnon heat transfer in thulium and erbium-yttrium alloys between 0.4 K and 4.2 K and in magnetic fields up to 3 tesla. From 1980 to1984 he was head of the Department of Low Temperature Physics in the Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS) in Košice. His main research interests concentrated on superfluid 3He, nuclear cooling, point-contact spectroscopy and cryogenic applications in ophthalmology, gynaecology and plastic surgery. He constructed various cryogenic apparatus for cryosurgery. In 1982 he habilitated on thermal conductivity of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu in the temperature range from 0.5 K to 10 K. Between 1984 and 1990 he worked at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics of the Comenius University in Bratislava. He held lectures on optics and low temperature physics. His scientific research focused on superfluid 3He and high-temperature superconducting thin REBaCuO films (RE = Y, Dy, Ho, Gd, Sm, Nd, Eu).〔(Kus P., Janos S., 'Preparation of Gd-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films on SrTiO3, Al 2O3 and ZrO2 by magnetron sputtering’ ), ''Modern Phys.Lett.'' B2 (1988) 1151-1154〕〔(Kus P., Janos S.,' Preparation of Gd-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films on silicon substrates by magnetron sputtering ), ''Modern Phys.Lett.'' B3 (1989) 37-40〕 On 15 June 1990, as an assistant professor, he joined the Laboratory for High Energy Physics of the University of Bern in Switzerland, which was headed by Prof. Klaus Pretzl. He took a leading role in the development of the SSG (Superconducting superheated granules) detector for low-energy neutrinos and dark matter. He took part in experiments using neutron beam to study nuclear recoil on Sn, Zn and Al nuclei conducted at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland]]. In his scientific work at the Laboratory for High Energy Physics in Bern he studied phase transition in Sn, Zn, In, and Al granules and also Al- and In- microstructures using SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device). He took a leading role in the development, construction and installation of the (ORPHEUS detector ) for dark matter search in the Bern Underground Laboratory.〔 Borer, K, Czapek G., Hasenbalg F., Hauser M, Janos S. et al. ('First results with the ORPHEUS dark matter detector' ), ''Astroparticle Physics'' 22 (2004)199-210〕〔Janos S. et al. ('The Bern Cryogenic Detector system for dark matter search', Nucl. Instr. and Methods A 547 (2005) 359-367 )〕 He held exercises and lectures for students of physics on mechanics, electricity, magnetism and modern physics. He also lectured on superfluidity, superconductivity and physical properties of solids at low temperatures.
He participated in the discovery of the Lazarus effect〔Vittorio Giulio Palmieri, Kurt Borer, Stefan Janos, Cinzia Da Viá, Luca Casagrande ('Evidence for charge collection efficiency recovery in heavily irradiated silicon detectors operated at cryogenic temperatures' ), ''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment'' Volume 413, Issues 2-3, 21 August 1998, Pages 475-478〕 (1997), which consists in the functional recovery of the silicon detectors exposed to heavy radiation.
On March 1, 2004 he was appointed professor at the University of Bern. From 2006 to 2009 he worked at the Laboratory for High Energy Physics on the design and installation of a central liquid argon system. Additionally he was deeply involved in the construction of cryostats with high vacuum systems for time projection chambers and design of so-called Argontube to study very long (a few meters) electron drifts in liquid argon.〔(Ereditato A., Hess M., Janos S. et al. 'Study of ionization signals in a TPC filled with a mixture of liquid Argon and Nitrogen', JINST 3(2008)P10002 )〕〔Ereditato A., Hess M., Janos S. et al. ('A prototype liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber for the study of UV laser multi-photonic ionization' ), JINST4(2009)P07011〕 He retired on February 1, 2009.
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